project: initial separation of shared project objects

For now, this is opt-in via environment variables:
  - export REPO_USE_ALTERNATES=1

The shared project logic that shares the internal .git/objects/ dir
directly between multiple projects via the project-objects/ tree has
a lot of KI with random corruption.  It all boils down to projects
sharing objects/ but not refs/.  Git operations that use refs to see
what objects are reachable and discard the rest can easily discard
objects that are used by other projects.

Consider this project layout:
<show fs layout>

There are unique refs in each of these trees that are not visible in
the others.  This means it's not safe to run basic operations like
git prune or git gc.

Since we can't share refs (each project needs to have unique refs
like HEAD in order to function), let's change how we share objects.
The old way involved symlinking .git/objects/ to the project-objects
tree.  The new way shares objects using git's info/alternates.

This means project-objects/ will only contain objects that exist in
the remote project.  Local per-project objects (like when creating
branches and making changes) will never be shared.  When running a
prune or gc operation in the per-project state, it will only ever
repack or discard those per-project objects.  The common shared
objects would only be cleaned up when running a common operation
(i.e. by repo itself).

One downside to this for users is if they try blending unrelated
upstream projects.  For example, in CrOS we have multiple kernel
projects (for diff versions) checked out.  If a dev fetched the
upstream Linus tree into one of them, the objects & tags would
not be shared with the others, so they would have to fetch the
upstream state for each project.  Annoying, but better than the
current corruption situation we're in now.

Also if the dev runs a manual `git fetch` in the per-project to
sync it up to newer state than the last `repo sync` they ran,
the objects would get duplicated.  However, git operations later
on should eventually dedupe this.

Bug: https://crbug.com/gerrit/15553
Change-Id: I313a9b8962f9d439ef98ac0ed37ecfb9e0b3864e
Reviewed-on: https://gerrit-review.googlesource.com/c/git-repo/+/328101
Reviewed-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier@google.com>
Tested-by: LaMont Jones <lamontjones@google.com>

manifest_xml.py

@@ -768,8 +768,11 @@ https://gerrit.googlesource.com/git-repo/+/HEAD/docs/manifest-format.md
 
   @property
   def is_multimanifest(self):
-    """Whether this is a multimanifest checkout"""
+    """Whether this is a multimanifest checkout.
-    return bool(self.outer_client.submanifests)
+
+    This is safe to use as long as the outermost manifest XML has been parsed.
+    """
+    return bool(self._outer_client._submanifests)
 
   @property
   def is_submanifest(self):
@@ -1679,7 +1682,7 @@ https://gerrit.googlesource.com/git-repo/+/HEAD/docs/manifest-format.md
       # We allow people to mix git worktrees & non-git worktrees for now.
       # This allows for in situ migration of repo clients.
       if os.path.exists(gitdir) or not self.UseGitWorktrees:
-        objdir = os.path.join(self.subdir, 'project-objects', namepath)
+        objdir = os.path.join(self.repodir, 'project-objects', namepath)
       else:
         use_git_worktrees = True
         gitdir = os.path.join(self.repodir, 'worktrees', namepath)

project.py

@@ -49,6 +49,9 @@ MAXIMUM_RETRY_SLEEP_SEC = 3600.0
 # +-10% random jitter is added to each Fetches retry sleep duration.
 RETRY_JITTER_PERCENT = 0.1
 
+# Whether to use alternates.
+# TODO(vapier): Remove knob once behavior is verified.
+_ALTERNATES = os.environ.get('REPO_USE_ALTERNATES') == '1'
 
 def _lwrite(path, content):
   lock = '%s.lock' % path
@@ -460,7 +463,7 @@ class RemoteSpec(object):
 
 class Project(object):
   # These objects can be shared between several working trees.
-  shareable_dirs = ['hooks', 'objects', 'rr-cache']
+  shareable_dirs = ['hooks', 'rr-cache']
 
   def __init__(self,
                manifest,
@@ -1143,6 +1146,17 @@ class Project(object):
       self._UpdateHooks(quiet=quiet)
     self._InitRemote()
 
+    if _ALTERNATES or self.manifest.is_multimanifest:
+      # If gitdir/objects is a symlink, migrate it from the old layout.
+      gitdir_objects = os.path.join(self.gitdir, 'objects')
+      if platform_utils.islink(gitdir_objects):
+        platform_utils.remove(gitdir_objects, missing_ok=True)
+      gitdir_alt = os.path.join(self.gitdir, 'objects/info/alternates')
+      if not os.path.exists(gitdir_alt):
+        os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(gitdir_alt), exist_ok=True)
+        _lwrite(gitdir_alt, os.path.join(
+            os.path.relpath(self.objdir, gitdir_objects), 'objects') + '\n')
+
     if is_new:
       alt = os.path.join(self.objdir, 'objects/info/alternates')
       try: