From cecd1d864fc3cf02cf50d367111e0d0e173c5dc6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sarah Owens <sarato@inkylabs.com>
Date: Thu, 1 Nov 2012 22:59:27 -0700
Subject: [PATCH] Change print statements to work in python3

This is part of a series of changes to introduce Python3 support.

Change-Id: I373be5de7141aa127d7debdbce1df39148dbec32
---
 editor.py              |   7 ++-
 git_command.py         |   5 +-
 git_config.py          |   6 +-
 main.py                |  50 ++++++++--------
 manifest_xml.py        |   8 ++-
 pager.py               |   3 +-
 project.py             |  14 +++--
 repo                   | 126 +++++++++++++++++++----------------------
 subcmds/abandon.py     |  15 ++---
 subcmds/branches.py    |   3 +-
 subcmds/checkout.py    |   8 +--
 subcmds/cherry_pick.py |  21 ++++---
 subcmds/download.py    |  21 +++----
 subcmds/forall.py      |   3 +-
 subcmds/grep.py        |   8 +--
 subcmds/help.py        |  33 +++++------
 subcmds/init.py        |  52 +++++++++--------
 subcmds/list.py        |   3 +-
 subcmds/manifest.py    |   7 ++-
 subcmds/overview.py    |   7 ++-
 subcmds/prune.py       |   5 +-
 subcmds/rebase.py      |  14 +++--
 subcmds/selfupdate.py  |   3 +-
 subcmds/stage.py       |   5 +-
 subcmds/start.py       |  10 ++--
 subcmds/status.py      |   2 +-
 subcmds/sync.py        | 102 +++++++++++++++++----------------
 subcmds/upload.py      |  41 ++++++++------
 subcmds/version.py     |  13 +++--
 trace.py               |   3 +-
 30 files changed, 310 insertions(+), 288 deletions(-)

diff --git a/editor.py b/editor.py
index 489c6cd3..883a1a83 100644
--- a/editor.py
+++ b/editor.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+from __future__ import print_function
 import os
 import re
 import sys
@@ -53,10 +54,10 @@ class Editor(object):
       return e
 
     if os.getenv('TERM') == 'dumb':
-      print >>sys.stderr,\
+      print(
 """No editor specified in GIT_EDITOR, core.editor, VISUAL or EDITOR.
 Tried to fall back to vi but terminal is dumb.  Please configure at
-least one of these before using this command."""
+least one of these before using this command.""", file=sys.stderr)
       sys.exit(1)
 
     return 'vi'
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ least one of these before using this command."""
 
        Args:
          data        : the text to edit
-  
+
       Returns:
         new value of edited text; None if editing did not succeed
     """
diff --git a/git_command.py b/git_command.py
index e5e28f3c..d347dd61 100644
--- a/git_command.py
+++ b/git_command.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+from __future__ import print_function
 import os
 import sys
 import subprocess
@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ class _GitCall(object):
             ver_str[len('git version '):].strip().split('-')[0].split('.')[0:3]
           ))
       else:
-        print >>sys.stderr, 'fatal: "%s" unsupported' % ver_str
+        print('fatal: "%s" unsupported' % ver_str, file=sys.stderr)
         sys.exit(1)
     return _git_version
 
@@ -111,7 +112,7 @@ def git_require(min_version, fail=False):
     return True
   if fail:
     need = '.'.join(map(str, min_version))
-    print >>sys.stderr, 'fatal: git %s or later required' % need
+    print('fatal: git %s or later required' % need, file=sys.stderr)
     sys.exit(1)
   return False
 
diff --git a/git_config.py b/git_config.py
index f60893ee..6bb92003 100644
--- a/git_config.py
+++ b/git_config.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+from __future__ import print_function
 import cPickle
 import os
 import re
@@ -463,9 +464,8 @@ def _open_ssh(host, port=None):
       p = subprocess.Popen(command)
     except Exception as e:
       _ssh_master = False
-      print >>sys.stderr, \
-        '\nwarn: cannot enable ssh control master for %s:%s\n%s' \
-        % (host,port, str(e))
+      print('\nwarn: cannot enable ssh control master for %s:%s\n%s'
+             % (host,port, str(e)), file=sys.stderr)
       return False
 
     _master_processes.append(p)
diff --git a/main.py b/main.py
index 9fbccfb9..87e9c349 100755
--- a/main.py
+++ b/main.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+from __future__ import print_function
 import getpass
 import imp
 import netrc
@@ -98,15 +99,14 @@ class _Repo(object):
       if name == 'help':
         name = 'version'
       else:
-        print >>sys.stderr, 'fatal: invalid usage of --version'
+        print('fatal: invalid usage of --version', file=sys.stderr)
         return 1
 
     try:
       cmd = self.commands[name]
     except KeyError:
-      print >>sys.stderr,\
-            "repo: '%s' is not a repo command.  See 'repo help'."\
-            % name
+      print("repo: '%s' is not a repo command.  See 'repo help'." % name,
+            file=sys.stderr)
       return 1
 
     cmd.repodir = self.repodir
@@ -114,9 +114,8 @@ class _Repo(object):
     Editor.globalConfig = cmd.manifest.globalConfig
 
     if not isinstance(cmd, MirrorSafeCommand) and cmd.manifest.IsMirror:
-      print >>sys.stderr, \
-            "fatal: '%s' requires a working directory"\
-            % name
+      print("fatal: '%s' requires a working directory" % name,
+            file=sys.stderr)
       return 1
 
     copts, cargs = cmd.OptionParser.parse_args(argv)
@@ -142,22 +141,21 @@ class _Repo(object):
         minutes, seconds = divmod(remainder, 60)
         if gopts.time:
           if hours == 0:
-            print >>sys.stderr, 'real\t%dm%.3fs' \
-              % (minutes, seconds)
+            print('real\t%dm%.3fs' % (minutes, seconds), file=sys.stderr)
           else:
-            print >>sys.stderr, 'real\t%dh%dm%.3fs' \
-              % (hours, minutes, seconds)
+            print('real\t%dh%dm%.3fs' % (hours, minutes, seconds),
+                  file=sys.stderr)
     except DownloadError as e:
-      print >>sys.stderr, 'error: %s' % str(e)
+      print('error: %s' % str(e), file=sys.stderr)
       return 1
     except ManifestInvalidRevisionError as e:
-      print >>sys.stderr, 'error: %s' % str(e)
+      print('error: %s' % str(e), file=sys.stderr)
       return 1
     except NoSuchProjectError as e:
       if e.name:
-        print >>sys.stderr, 'error: project %s not found' % e.name
+        print('error: project %s not found' % e.name, file=sys.stderr)
       else:
-        print >>sys.stderr, 'error: no project in current directory'
+        print('error: no project in current directory', file=sys.stderr)
       return 1
 
     return result
@@ -183,7 +181,7 @@ def _CheckWrapperVersion(ver, repo_path):
     repo_path = '~/bin/repo'
 
   if not ver:
-    print >>sys.stderr, 'no --wrapper-version argument'
+    print('no --wrapper-version argument', file=sys.stderr)
     sys.exit(1)
 
   exp = _CurrentWrapperVersion()
@@ -193,25 +191,25 @@ def _CheckWrapperVersion(ver, repo_path):
 
   exp_str = '.'.join(map(str, exp))
   if exp[0] > ver[0] or ver < (0, 4):
-    print >>sys.stderr, """
+    print("""
 !!! A new repo command (%5s) is available.    !!!
 !!! You must upgrade before you can continue:   !!!
 
     cp %s %s
-""" % (exp_str, _MyWrapperPath(), repo_path)
+""" % (exp_str, _MyWrapperPath(), repo_path), file=sys.stderr)
     sys.exit(1)
 
   if exp > ver:
-    print >>sys.stderr, """
+    print("""
 ... A new repo command (%5s) is available.
 ... You should upgrade soon:
 
     cp %s %s
-""" % (exp_str, _MyWrapperPath(), repo_path)
+""" % (exp_str, _MyWrapperPath(), repo_path), file=sys.stderr)
 
 def _CheckRepoDir(repo_dir):
   if not repo_dir:
-    print >>sys.stderr, 'no --repo-dir argument'
+    print('no --repo-dir argument', file=sys.stderr)
     sys.exit(1)
 
 def _PruneOptions(argv, opt):
@@ -281,7 +279,7 @@ def _AddPasswordFromUserInput(handler, msg, req):
     url = req.get_full_url()
     user, password = handler.passwd.find_user_password(None, url)
     if user is None:
-      print msg
+      print(msg)
       try:
         user = raw_input('User: ')
         password = getpass.getpass()
@@ -388,10 +386,10 @@ def _Main(argv):
     finally:
       close_ssh()
   except KeyboardInterrupt:
-    print >>sys.stderr, 'aborted by user'
+    print('aborted by user', file=sys.stderr)
     result = 1
   except ManifestParseError as mpe:
-    print >>sys.stderr, 'fatal: %s' % mpe
+    print('fatal: %s' % mpe, file=sys.stderr)
     result = 1
   except RepoChangedException as rce:
     # If repo changed, re-exec ourselves.
@@ -401,8 +399,8 @@ def _Main(argv):
     try:
       os.execv(__file__, argv)
     except OSError as e:
-      print >>sys.stderr, 'fatal: cannot restart repo after upgrade'
-      print >>sys.stderr, 'fatal: %s' % e
+      print('fatal: cannot restart repo after upgrade', file=sys.stderr)
+      print('fatal: %s' % e, file=sys.stderr)
       result = 128
 
   sys.exit(result)
diff --git a/manifest_xml.py b/manifest_xml.py
index 31987248..bb93bca3 100644
--- a/manifest_xml.py
+++ b/manifest_xml.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+from __future__ import print_function
 import itertools
 import os
 import re
@@ -306,8 +307,9 @@ class XmlManifest(object):
 
       local = os.path.join(self.repodir, LOCAL_MANIFEST_NAME)
       if os.path.exists(local):
-        print >>sys.stderr, 'warning: %s is deprecated; put local manifests in %s instead' % \
-                            (LOCAL_MANIFEST_NAME, LOCAL_MANIFESTS_DIR_NAME)
+        print('warning: %s is deprecated; put local manifests in %s instead'
+              % (LOCAL_MANIFEST_NAME, LOCAL_MANIFESTS_DIR_NAME),
+              file=sys.stderr)
         nodes.append(self._ParseManifestXml(local, self.repodir))
 
       local_dir = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(self.repodir, LOCAL_MANIFESTS_DIR_NAME))
@@ -317,7 +319,7 @@ class XmlManifest(object):
             try:
               nodes.append(self._ParseManifestXml(local_file, self.repodir))
             except ManifestParseError as e:
-              print >>sys.stderr, '%s' % str(e)
+              print('%s' % str(e), file=sys.stderr)
       except OSError:
         pass
 
diff --git a/pager.py b/pager.py
index 888b108b..c6211419 100755
--- a/pager.py
+++ b/pager.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+from __future__ import print_function
 import os
 import select
 import sys
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ def RunPager(globalConfig):
 
     _BecomePager(pager)
   except Exception:
-    print >>sys.stderr, "fatal: cannot start pager '%s'" % pager
+    print("fatal: cannot start pager '%s'" % pager, file=sys.stderr)
     sys.exit(255)
 
 def _SelectPager(globalConfig):
diff --git a/project.py b/project.py
index f72b1c8e..20a8dca4 100644
--- a/project.py
+++ b/project.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+from __future__ import print_function
 import traceback
 import errno
 import filecmp
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ def _lwrite(path, content):
 
 def _error(fmt, *args):
   msg = fmt % args
-  print >>sys.stderr, 'error: %s' % msg
+  print('error: %s' % msg, file=sys.stderr)
 
 def not_rev(r):
   return '^' + r
@@ -683,9 +684,9 @@ class Project(object):
     if not os.path.isdir(self.worktree):
       if output_redir == None:
         output_redir = sys.stdout
-      print >>output_redir, ''
-      print >>output_redir, 'project %s/' % self.relpath
-      print >>output_redir, '  missing (run "repo sync")'
+      print(file=output_redir)
+      print('project %s/' % self.relpath, file=output_redir)
+      print('  missing (run "repo sync")', file=output_redir)
       return
 
     self.work_git.update_index('-q',
@@ -785,7 +786,7 @@ class Project(object):
         out.project('project %s/' % self.relpath)
         out.nl()
         has_diff = True
-      print line[:-1]
+      print(line[:-1])
     p.Wait()
 
 
@@ -1586,7 +1587,8 @@ class Project(object):
       # returned another error with the HTTP error code being 400 or above.
       # This return code only appears if -f, --fail is used.
       if not quiet:
-        print >> sys.stderr, "Server does not provide clone.bundle; ignoring."
+        print("Server does not provide clone.bundle; ignoring.",
+              file=sys.stderr)
       return False
 
     if os.path.exists(tmpPath):
diff --git a/repo b/repo
index e06a5d5c..9fcfc1b1 100755
--- a/repo
+++ b/repo
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 ## repo default configuration
 ##
+from __future__ import print_function
 REPO_URL='https://gerrit.googlesource.com/git-repo'
 REPO_REV='stable'
 
@@ -215,16 +216,15 @@ def _Init(args):
   if branch.startswith('refs/heads/'):
     branch = branch[len('refs/heads/'):]
   if branch.startswith('refs/'):
-    print >>sys.stderr, "fatal: invalid branch name '%s'" % branch
+    print("fatal: invalid branch name '%s'" % branch, file=sys.stderr)
     raise CloneFailure()
 
   if not os.path.isdir(repodir):
     try:
       os.mkdir(repodir)
     except OSError as e:
-      print >>sys.stderr, \
-            'fatal: cannot make %s directory: %s' % (
-            repodir, e.strerror)
+      print('fatal: cannot make %s directory: %s'
+            % (repodir, e.strerror), file=sys.stderr)
       # Don't faise CloneFailure; that would delete the
       # name. Instead exit immediately.
       #
@@ -248,8 +248,8 @@ def _Init(args):
     _Checkout(dst, branch, rev, opt.quiet)
   except CloneFailure:
     if opt.quiet:
-      print >>sys.stderr, \
-        'fatal: repo init failed; run without --quiet to see why'
+      print('fatal: repo init failed; run without --quiet to see why',
+            file=sys.stderr)
     raise
 
 
@@ -258,12 +258,12 @@ def _CheckGitVersion():
   try:
     proc = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
   except OSError as e:
-    print >>sys.stderr
-    print >>sys.stderr, "fatal: '%s' is not available" % GIT
-    print >>sys.stderr, 'fatal: %s' % e
-    print >>sys.stderr
-    print >>sys.stderr, 'Please make sure %s is installed'\
-                        ' and in your path.' % GIT
+    print(file=sys.stderr)
+    print("fatal: '%s' is not available" % GIT, file=sys.stderr)
+    print('fatal: %s' % e, file=sys.stderr)
+    print(file=sys.stderr)
+    print('Please make sure %s is installed and in your path.' % GIT,
+          file=sys.stderr)
     raise CloneFailure()
 
   ver_str = proc.stdout.read().strip()
@@ -271,14 +271,14 @@ def _CheckGitVersion():
   proc.wait()
 
   if not ver_str.startswith('git version '):
-    print >>sys.stderr, 'error: "%s" unsupported' % ver_str
+    print('error: "%s" unsupported' % ver_str, file=sys.stderr)
     raise CloneFailure()
 
   ver_str = ver_str[len('git version '):].strip()
   ver_act = tuple(map(int, ver_str.split('.')[0:3]))
   if ver_act < MIN_GIT_VERSION:
     need = '.'.join(map(str, MIN_GIT_VERSION))
-    print >>sys.stderr, 'fatal: git %s or later required' % need
+    print('fatal: git %s or later required' % need, file=sys.stderr)
     raise CloneFailure()
 
 
@@ -305,18 +305,16 @@ def SetupGnuPG(quiet):
     try:
       os.mkdir(home_dot_repo)
     except OSError as e:
-      print >>sys.stderr, \
-            'fatal: cannot make %s directory: %s' % (
-            home_dot_repo, e.strerror)
+      print('fatal: cannot make %s directory: %s'
+            % (home_dot_repo, e.strerror), file=sys.stderr)
       sys.exit(1)
 
   if not os.path.isdir(gpg_dir):
     try:
       os.mkdir(gpg_dir, stat.S_IRWXU)
     except OSError as e:
-      print >>sys.stderr, \
-            'fatal: cannot make %s directory: %s' % (
-            gpg_dir, e.strerror)
+      print('fatal: cannot make %s directory: %s' % (gpg_dir, e.strerror),
+            file=sys.stderr)
       sys.exit(1)
 
   env = os.environ.copy()
@@ -329,16 +327,16 @@ def SetupGnuPG(quiet):
                             stdin = subprocess.PIPE)
   except OSError as e:
     if not quiet:
-      print >>sys.stderr, 'warning: gpg (GnuPG) is not available.'
-      print >>sys.stderr, 'warning: Installing it is strongly encouraged.'
-      print >>sys.stderr
+      print('warning: gpg (GnuPG) is not available.', file=sys.stderr)
+      print('warning: Installing it is strongly encouraged.', file=sys.stderr)
+      print(file=sys.stderr)
     return False
 
   proc.stdin.write(MAINTAINER_KEYS)
   proc.stdin.close()
 
   if proc.wait() != 0:
-    print >>sys.stderr, 'fatal: registering repo maintainer keys failed'
+    print('fatal: registering repo maintainer keys failed', file=sys.stderr)
     sys.exit(1)
   print
 
@@ -382,7 +380,7 @@ def _InitHttp():
 
 def _Fetch(url, local, src, quiet):
   if not quiet:
-    print >>sys.stderr, 'Get %s' % url
+    print('Get %s' % url, file=sys.stderr)
 
   cmd = [GIT, 'fetch']
   if quiet:
@@ -431,16 +429,16 @@ def _DownloadBundle(url, local, quiet):
     except urllib.error.HTTPError as e:
       if e.code == 404:
         return False
-      print >>sys.stderr, 'fatal: Cannot get %s' % url
-      print >>sys.stderr, 'fatal: HTTP error %s' % e.code
+      print('fatal: Cannot get %s' % url, file=sys.stderr)
+      print('fatal: HTTP error %s' % e.code, file=sys.stderr)
       raise CloneFailure()
     except urllib.error.URLError as e:
-      print >>sys.stderr, 'fatal: Cannot get %s' % url
-      print >>sys.stderr, 'fatal: error %s' % e.reason
+      print('fatal: Cannot get %s' % url, file=sys.stderr)
+      print('fatal: error %s' % e.reason, file=sys.stderr)
       raise CloneFailure()
     try:
       if not quiet:
-        print >>sys.stderr, 'Get %s' % url
+        print('Get %s' % url, file=sys.stderr)
       while True:
         buf = r.read(8192)
         if buf == '':
@@ -464,24 +462,23 @@ def _Clone(url, local, quiet):
   try:
     os.mkdir(local)
   except OSError as e:
-    print >>sys.stderr, \
-          'fatal: cannot make %s directory: %s' \
-          % (local, e.strerror)
+    print('fatal: cannot make %s directory: %s' % (local, e.strerror),
+          file=sys.stderr)
     raise CloneFailure()
 
   cmd = [GIT, 'init', '--quiet']
   try:
     proc = subprocess.Popen(cmd, cwd = local)
   except OSError as e:
-    print >>sys.stderr
-    print >>sys.stderr, "fatal: '%s' is not available" % GIT
-    print >>sys.stderr, 'fatal: %s' % e
-    print >>sys.stderr
-    print >>sys.stderr, 'Please make sure %s is installed'\
-                        ' and in your path.' % GIT
+    print(file=sys.stderr)
+    print("fatal: '%s' is not available" % GIT, file=sys.stderr)
+    print('fatal: %s' % e, file=sys.stderr)
+    print(file=sys.stderr)
+    print('Please make sure %s is installed and in your path.' % GIT,
+          file=sys.stderr)
     raise CloneFailure()
   if proc.wait() != 0:
-    print >>sys.stderr, 'fatal: could not create %s' % local
+    print('fatal: could not create %s' % local, file=sys.stderr)
     raise CloneFailure()
 
   _InitHttp()
@@ -509,21 +506,18 @@ def _Verify(cwd, branch, quiet):
   proc.stderr.close()
 
   if proc.wait() != 0 or not cur:
-    print >>sys.stderr
-    print >>sys.stderr,\
-      "fatal: branch '%s' has not been signed" \
-      % branch
+    print(file=sys.stderr)
+    print("fatal: branch '%s' has not been signed" % branch, file=sys.stderr)
     raise CloneFailure()
 
   m = re.compile(r'^(.*)-[0-9]{1,}-g[0-9a-f]{1,}$').match(cur)
   if m:
     cur = m.group(1)
     if not quiet:
-      print >>sys.stderr
-      print >>sys.stderr, \
-        "info: Ignoring branch '%s'; using tagged release '%s'" \
-        % (branch, cur)
-      print >>sys.stderr
+      print(file=sys.stderr)
+      print("info: Ignoring branch '%s'; using tagged release '%s'"
+            % (branch, cur), file=sys.stderr)
+      print(file=sys.stderr)
 
   env = os.environ.copy()
   env['GNUPGHOME'] = gpg_dir.encode()
@@ -541,10 +535,10 @@ def _Verify(cwd, branch, quiet):
   proc.stderr.close()
 
   if proc.wait() != 0:
-    print >>sys.stderr
-    print >>sys.stderr, out
-    print >>sys.stderr, err
-    print >>sys.stderr
+    print(file=sys.stderr)
+    print(out, file=sys.stderr)
+    print(err, file=sys.stderr)
+    print(file=sys.stderr)
     raise CloneFailure()
   return '%s^0' % cur
 
@@ -611,7 +605,7 @@ def _ParseArguments(args):
 
 
 def _Usage():
-  print >>sys.stderr,\
+  print(
 """usage: repo COMMAND [ARGS]
 
 repo is not yet installed.  Use "repo init" to install it here.
@@ -622,7 +616,7 @@ The most commonly used repo commands are:
   help      Display detailed help on a command
 
 For access to the full online help, install repo ("repo init").
-"""
+""", file=sys.stderr)
   sys.exit(1)
 
 
@@ -632,25 +626,23 @@ def _Help(args):
       init_optparse.print_help()
       sys.exit(0)
     else:
-      print >>sys.stderr,\
-      "error: '%s' is not a bootstrap command.\n"\
-      '        For access to online help, install repo ("repo init").'\
-      % args[0]
+      print("error: '%s' is not a bootstrap command.\n"
+            '        For access to online help, install repo ("repo init").'
+            % args[0], file=sys.stderr)
   else:
     _Usage()
   sys.exit(1)
 
 
 def _NotInstalled():
-  print >>sys.stderr,\
-'error: repo is not installed.  Use "repo init" to install it here.'
+  print('error: repo is not installed.  Use "repo init" to install it here.',
+        file=sys.stderr)
   sys.exit(1)
 
 
 def _NoCommands(cmd):
-  print >>sys.stderr,\
-"""error: command '%s' requires repo to be installed first.
-       Use "repo init" to install it here.""" % cmd
+  print("""error: command '%s' requires repo to be installed first.
+        Use "repo init" to install it here.""" % cmd, file=sys.stderr)
   sys.exit(1)
 
 
@@ -687,7 +679,7 @@ def _SetDefaultsTo(gitdir):
   proc.stderr.close()
 
   if proc.wait() != 0:
-    print >>sys.stderr, 'fatal: %s has no current branch' % gitdir
+    print('fatal: %s has no current branch' % gitdir, file=sys.stderr)
     sys.exit(1)
 
 
@@ -736,8 +728,8 @@ def main(orig_args):
   try:
     os.execv(repo_main, me)
   except OSError as e:
-    print >>sys.stderr, "fatal: unable to start %s" % repo_main
-    print >>sys.stderr, "fatal: %s" % e
+    print("fatal: unable to start %s" % repo_main, file=sys.stderr)
+    print("fatal: %s" % e, file=sys.stderr)
     sys.exit(148)
 
 
diff --git a/subcmds/abandon.py b/subcmds/abandon.py
index e17ab2b6..b94ccdd3 100644
--- a/subcmds/abandon.py
+++ b/subcmds/abandon.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+from __future__ import print_function
 import sys
 from command import Command
 from git_command import git
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ It is equivalent to "git branch -D <branchname>".
 
     nb = args[0]
     if not git.check_ref_format('heads/%s' % nb):
-      print >>sys.stderr, "error: '%s' is not a valid name" % nb
+      print("error: '%s' is not a valid name" % nb, file=sys.stderr)
       sys.exit(1)
 
     nb = args[0]
@@ -58,13 +59,13 @@ It is equivalent to "git branch -D <branchname>".
 
     if err:
       for p in err:
-        print >>sys.stderr,\
-          "error: %s/: cannot abandon %s" \
-          % (p.relpath, nb)
+        print("error: %s/: cannot abandon %s" % (p.relpath, nb),
+              file=sys.stderr)
       sys.exit(1)
     elif not success:
-      print >>sys.stderr, 'error: no project has branch %s' % nb
+      print('error: no project has branch %s' % nb, file=sys.stderr)
       sys.exit(1)
     else:
-      print >>sys.stderr, 'Abandoned in %d project(s):\n  %s' % (
-            len(success), '\n  '.join(p.relpath for p in success))
+      print('Abandoned in %d project(s):\n  %s'
+            % (len(success), '\n  '.join(p.relpath for p in success)),
+            file=sys.stderr)
diff --git a/subcmds/branches.py b/subcmds/branches.py
index a7ba3d6d..06d45abe 100644
--- a/subcmds/branches.py
+++ b/subcmds/branches.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+from __future__ import print_function
 import sys
 from color import Coloring
 from command import Command
@@ -107,7 +108,7 @@ is shown, then the branch appears in all projects.
     names.sort()
 
     if not names:
-      print >>sys.stderr, '   (no branches)'
+      print('   (no branches)', file=sys.stderr)
       return
 
     width = 25
diff --git a/subcmds/checkout.py b/subcmds/checkout.py
index bfbe9921..cbbca106 100644
--- a/subcmds/checkout.py
+++ b/subcmds/checkout.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+from __future__ import print_function
 import sys
 from command import Command
 from progress import Progress
@@ -55,10 +56,9 @@ The command is equivalent to:
 
     if err:
       for p in err:
-        print >>sys.stderr,\
-          "error: %s/: cannot checkout %s" \
-          % (p.relpath, nb)
+        print("error: %s/: cannot checkout %s" % (p.relpath, nb),
+              file=sys.stderr)
       sys.exit(1)
     elif not success:
-      print >>sys.stderr, 'error: no project has branch %s' % nb
+      print('error: no project has branch %s' % nb, file=sys.stderr)
       sys.exit(1)
diff --git a/subcmds/cherry_pick.py b/subcmds/cherry_pick.py
index 7a6d4c20..0cefec13 100644
--- a/subcmds/cherry_pick.py
+++ b/subcmds/cherry_pick.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+from __future__ import print_function
 import re
 import sys
 from command import Command
@@ -46,13 +47,13 @@ change id will be added.
                    capture_stdout = True,
                    capture_stderr = True)
     if p.Wait() != 0:
-      print >>sys.stderr, p.stderr
+      print(p.stderr, file=sys.stderr)
       sys.exit(1)
     sha1 = p.stdout.strip()
 
     p = GitCommand(None, ['cat-file', 'commit', sha1], capture_stdout=True)
     if p.Wait() != 0:
-      print >>sys.stderr, "error: Failed to retrieve old commit message"
+      print("error: Failed to retrieve old commit message", file=sys.stderr)
       sys.exit(1)
     old_msg = self._StripHeader(p.stdout)
 
@@ -62,8 +63,8 @@ change id will be added.
                    capture_stderr = True)
     status = p.Wait()
 
-    print >>sys.stdout, p.stdout
-    print >>sys.stderr, p.stderr
+    print(p.stdout, file=sys.stdout)
+    print(p.stderr, file=sys.stderr)
 
     if status == 0:
       # The cherry-pick was applied correctly. We just need to edit the
@@ -76,16 +77,14 @@ change id will be added.
                      capture_stderr = True)
       p.stdin.write(new_msg)
       if p.Wait() != 0:
-        print >>sys.stderr, "error: Failed to update commit message"
+        print("error: Failed to update commit message", file=sys.stderr)
         sys.exit(1)
 
     else:
-      print >>sys.stderr, """\
-NOTE: When committing (please see above) and editing the commit message,
-please remove the old Change-Id-line and add:
-"""
-      print >>sys.stderr, self._GetReference(sha1)
-      print >>sys.stderr
+      print('NOTE: When committing (please see above) and editing the commit'
+            'message, please remove the old Change-Id-line and add:')
+      print(self._GetReference(sha1), file=stderr)
+      print(file=stderr)
 
   def _IsChangeId(self, line):
     return CHANGE_ID_RE.match(line)
diff --git a/subcmds/download.py b/subcmds/download.py
index 0abe90d0..6aa54afa 100644
--- a/subcmds/download.py
+++ b/subcmds/download.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+from __future__ import print_function
 import re
 import sys
 
@@ -68,23 +69,23 @@ makes it available in your project's local working directory.
     for project, change_id, ps_id in self._ParseChangeIds(args):
       dl = project.DownloadPatchSet(change_id, ps_id)
       if not dl:
-        print >>sys.stderr, \
-          '[%s] change %d/%d not found' \
-          % (project.name, change_id, ps_id)
+        print('[%s] change %d/%d not found'
+              % (project.name, change_id, ps_id),
+              file=sys.stderr)
         sys.exit(1)
 
       if not opt.revert and not dl.commits:
-        print >>sys.stderr, \
-          '[%s] change %d/%d has already been merged' \
-          % (project.name, change_id, ps_id)
+        print('[%s] change %d/%d has already been merged'
+              % (project.name, change_id, ps_id),
+              file=sys.stderr)
         continue
 
       if len(dl.commits) > 1:
-        print >>sys.stderr, \
-          '[%s] %d/%d depends on %d unmerged changes:' \
-          % (project.name, change_id, ps_id, len(dl.commits))
+        print('[%s] %d/%d depends on %d unmerged changes:' \
+              % (project.name, change_id, ps_id, len(dl.commits)),
+              file=sys.stderr)
         for c in dl.commits:
-          print >>sys.stderr, '  %s' % (c)
+          print('  %s' % (c), file=sys.stderr)
       if opt.cherrypick:
         project._CherryPick(dl.commit)
       elif opt.revert:
diff --git a/subcmds/forall.py b/subcmds/forall.py
index b633b7d4..49e725c2 100644
--- a/subcmds/forall.py
+++ b/subcmds/forall.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+from __future__ import print_function
 import fcntl
 import re
 import os
@@ -183,7 +184,7 @@ terminal and are not redirected.
       if not os.path.exists(cwd):
         if (opt.project_header and opt.verbose) \
         or not opt.project_header:
-          print >>sys.stderr, 'skipping %s/' % project.relpath
+          print('skipping %s/' % project.relpath, file=sys.stderr)
         continue
 
       if opt.project_header:
diff --git a/subcmds/grep.py b/subcmds/grep.py
index b067629a..fa5f8765 100644
--- a/subcmds/grep.py
+++ b/subcmds/grep.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+from __future__ import print_function
 import sys
 from color import Coloring
 from command import PagedCommand
@@ -178,8 +179,7 @@ contain a line that matches both expressions:
     have_rev = False
     if opt.revision:
       if '--cached' in cmd_argv:
-        print >>sys.stderr,\
-          'fatal: cannot combine --cached and --revision'
+        print('fatal: cannot combine --cached and --revision', file=sys.stderr)
         sys.exit(1)
       have_rev = True
       cmd_argv.extend(opt.revision)
@@ -230,13 +230,13 @@ contain a line that matches both expressions:
           out.nl()
       else:
         for line in r:
-          print line
+          print(line)
 
     if have_match:
       sys.exit(0)
     elif have_rev and bad_rev:
       for r in opt.revision:
-        print >>sys.stderr, "error: can't search revision %s" % r
+        print("error: can't search revision %s" % r, file=sys.stderr)
       sys.exit(1)
     else:
       sys.exit(1)
diff --git a/subcmds/help.py b/subcmds/help.py
index 375d04d2..57fb3cc2 100644
--- a/subcmds/help.py
+++ b/subcmds/help.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+from __future__ import print_function
 import re
 import sys
 from formatter import AbstractFormatter, DumbWriter
@@ -31,10 +32,8 @@ Displays detailed usage information about a command.
 """
 
   def _PrintAllCommands(self):
-    print 'usage: repo COMMAND [ARGS]'
-    print """
-The complete list of recognized repo commands are:
-"""
+    print('usage: repo COMMAND [ARGS]')
+    print('The complete list of recognized repo commands are:')
     commandNames = self.commands.keys()
     commandNames.sort()
 
@@ -49,17 +48,14 @@ The complete list of recognized repo commands are:
         summary = command.helpSummary.strip()
       except AttributeError:
         summary = ''
-      print fmt % (name, summary)
-    print """
-See 'repo help <command>' for more information on a specific command.
-"""
+      print(fmt % (name, summary))
+    print("See 'repo help <command>' for more information on a"
+          'specific command.')
 
   def _PrintCommonCommands(self):
-    print 'usage: repo COMMAND [ARGS]'
-    print """
-The most commonly used repo commands are:
-"""
-    commandNames = [name 
+    print('usage: repo COMMAND [ARGS]')
+    print('The most commonly used repo commands are:')
+    commandNames = [name
                     for name in self.commands.keys()
                     if self.commands[name].common]
     commandNames.sort()
@@ -75,11 +71,10 @@ The most commonly used repo commands are:
         summary = command.helpSummary.strip()
       except AttributeError:
         summary = ''
-      print fmt % (name, summary)
-    print """
-See 'repo help <command>' for more information on a specific command.
-See 'repo help --all' for a complete list of recognized commands.
-"""
+      print(fmt % (name, summary))
+    print(
+"See 'repo help <command>' for more information on a specific command.\n"
+"See 'repo help --all' for a complete list of recognized commands.")
 
   def _PrintCommandHelp(self, cmd):
     class _Out(Coloring):
@@ -162,7 +157,7 @@ See 'repo help --all' for a complete list of recognized commands.
       try:
         cmd = self.commands[name]
       except KeyError:
-        print >>sys.stderr, "repo: '%s' is not a repo command." % name
+        print("repo: '%s' is not a repo command." % name, file=sys.stderr)
         sys.exit(1)
 
       cmd.manifest = self.manifest
diff --git a/subcmds/init.py b/subcmds/init.py
index 99007d60..7aaa7f17 100644
--- a/subcmds/init.py
+++ b/subcmds/init.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+from __future__ import print_function
 import os
 import platform
 import re
@@ -123,12 +124,12 @@ to update the working directory files.
 
     if is_new:
       if not opt.manifest_url:
-        print >>sys.stderr, 'fatal: manifest url (-u) is required.'
+        print('fatal: manifest url (-u) is required.', file=sys.stderr)
         sys.exit(1)
 
       if not opt.quiet:
-        print >>sys.stderr, 'Get %s' \
-          % GitConfig.ForUser().UrlInsteadOf(opt.manifest_url)
+        print('Get %s' % GitConfig.ForUser().UrlInsteadOf(opt.manifest_url),
+              file=sys.stderr)
       m._InitGitDir()
 
       if opt.manifest_branch:
@@ -159,7 +160,7 @@ to update the working directory files.
     elif opt.platform in all_platforms:
       groups.extend(platformize(opt.platform))
     elif opt.platform != 'none':
-      print >>sys.stderr, 'fatal: invalid platform flag'
+      print('fatal: invalid platform flag', file=sys.stderr)
       sys.exit(1)
 
     groups = [x for x in groups if x]
@@ -175,12 +176,13 @@ to update the working directory files.
       if is_new:
         m.config.SetString('repo.mirror', 'true')
       else:
-        print >>sys.stderr, 'fatal: --mirror not supported on existing client'
+        print('fatal: --mirror not supported on existing client',
+              file=sys.stderr)
         sys.exit(1)
 
     if not m.Sync_NetworkHalf(is_new=is_new):
       r = m.GetRemote(m.remote.name)
-      print >>sys.stderr, 'fatal: cannot obtain manifest %s' % r.url
+      print('fatal: cannot obtain manifest %s' % r.url, file=sys.stderr)
 
       # Better delete the manifest git dir if we created it; otherwise next
       # time (when user fixes problems) we won't go through the "is_new" logic.
@@ -197,19 +199,19 @@ to update the working directory files.
 
     if is_new or m.CurrentBranch is None:
       if not m.StartBranch('default'):
-        print >>sys.stderr, 'fatal: cannot create default in manifest'
+        print('fatal: cannot create default in manifest', file=sys.stderr)
         sys.exit(1)
 
   def _LinkManifest(self, name):
     if not name:
-      print >>sys.stderr, 'fatal: manifest name (-m) is required.'
+      print('fatal: manifest name (-m) is required.', file=sys.stderr)
       sys.exit(1)
 
     try:
       self.manifest.Link(name)
     except ManifestParseError as e:
-      print >>sys.stderr, "fatal: manifest '%s' not available" % name
-      print >>sys.stderr, 'fatal: %s' % str(e)
+      print("fatal: manifest '%s' not available" % name, file=sys.stderr)
+      print('fatal: %s' % str(e), file=sys.stderr)
       sys.exit(1)
 
   def _Prompt(self, prompt, value):
@@ -231,22 +233,22 @@ to update the working directory files.
       mp.config.SetString('user.name', gc.GetString('user.name'))
       mp.config.SetString('user.email', gc.GetString('user.email'))
 
-    print ''
-    print 'Your identity is: %s <%s>' % (mp.config.GetString('user.name'),
-                                         mp.config.GetString('user.email'))
-    print 'If you want to change this, please re-run \'repo init\' with --config-name'
+    print()
+    print('Your identity is: %s <%s>' % (mp.config.GetString('user.name'),
+                                         mp.config.GetString('user.email')))
+    print('If you want to change this, please re-run \'repo init\' with --config-name')
     return False
 
   def _ConfigureUser(self):
     mp = self.manifest.manifestProject
 
     while True:
-      print ''
+      print()
       name  = self._Prompt('Your Name', mp.UserName)
       email = self._Prompt('Your Email', mp.UserEmail)
 
-      print ''
-      print 'Your identity is: %s <%s>' % (name, email)
+      print()
+      print('Your identity is: %s <%s>' % (name, email))
       sys.stdout.write('is this correct [y/N]? ')
       a = sys.stdin.readline().strip().lower()
       if a in ('yes', 'y', 't', 'true'):
@@ -274,8 +276,8 @@ to update the working directory files.
         self._on = True
     out = _Test()
 
-    print ''
-    print "Testing colorized output (for 'repo diff', 'repo status'):"
+    print()
+    print("Testing colorized output (for 'repo diff', 'repo status'):")
 
     for c in ['black','red','green','yellow','blue','magenta','cyan']:
       out.write(' ')
@@ -319,14 +321,16 @@ to update the working directory files.
     else:
       init_type = ''
 
-    print ''
-    print 'repo %shas been initialized in %s' % (init_type, self.manifest.topdir)
+    print()
+    print('repo %shas been initialized in %s'
+          % (init_type, self.manifest.topdir))
 
     current_dir = os.getcwd()
     if current_dir != self.manifest.topdir:
-      print 'If this is not the directory in which you want to initialize repo, please run:'
-      print '   rm -r %s/.repo' % self.manifest.topdir
-      print 'and try again.'
+      print('If this is not the directory in which you want to initialize'
+            'repo, please run:')
+      print('   rm -r %s/.repo' % self.manifest.topdir)
+      print('and try again.')
 
   def Execute(self, opt, args):
     git_require(MIN_GIT_VERSION, fail=True)
diff --git a/subcmds/list.py b/subcmds/list.py
index 6058a755..0d5c27f7 100644
--- a/subcmds/list.py
+++ b/subcmds/list.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+from __future__ import print_function
 import re
 
 from command import Command, MirrorSafeCommand
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ This is similar to running: repo forall -c 'echo "$REPO_PATH : $REPO_PROJECT"'.
       lines.append("%s : %s" % (_getpath(project), project.name))
 
     lines.sort()
-    print '\n'.join(lines)
+    print('\n'.join(lines))
 
   def FindProjects(self, args):
     result = []
diff --git a/subcmds/manifest.py b/subcmds/manifest.py
index 5592a37d..5ceeb12f 100644
--- a/subcmds/manifest.py
+++ b/subcmds/manifest.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+from __future__ import print_function
 import os
 import sys
 
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ in a Git repository for use during future 'repo init' invocations.
                        peg_rev_upstream = opt.peg_rev_upstream)
     fd.close()
     if opt.output_file != '-':
-      print >>sys.stderr, 'Saved manifest to %s' % opt.output_file
+      print('Saved manifest to %s' % opt.output_file, file=sys.stderr)
 
   def Execute(self, opt, args):
     if args:
@@ -79,6 +80,6 @@ in a Git repository for use during future 'repo init' invocations.
       self._Output(opt)
       return
 
-    print >>sys.stderr, 'error: no operation to perform'
-    print >>sys.stderr, 'error: see repo help manifest'
+    print('error: no operation to perform', file=sys.stderr)
+    print('error: see repo help manifest', file=sys.stderr)
     sys.exit(1)
diff --git a/subcmds/overview.py b/subcmds/overview.py
index a509bd9a..9e6100b4 100644
--- a/subcmds/overview.py
+++ b/subcmds/overview.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+from __future__ import print_function
 from color import Coloring
 from command import PagedCommand
 
@@ -70,11 +71,11 @@ are displayed.
 
       commits = branch.commits
       date = branch.date
-      print '%s %-33s (%2d commit%s, %s)' % (
+      print('%s %-33s (%2d commit%s, %s)' % (
             branch.name == project.CurrentBranch and '*' or ' ',
             branch.name,
             len(commits),
             len(commits) != 1 and 's' or ' ',
-            date)
+            date))
       for commit in commits:
-        print '%-35s   - %s' % ('', commit)
+        print('%-35s   - %s' % ('', commit))
diff --git a/subcmds/prune.py b/subcmds/prune.py
index c50a5507..39c571a4 100644
--- a/subcmds/prune.py
+++ b/subcmds/prune.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+from __future__ import print_function
 from color import Coloring
 from command import PagedCommand
 
@@ -51,9 +52,9 @@ class Prune(PagedCommand):
 
       commits = branch.commits
       date = branch.date
-      print '%s %-33s (%2d commit%s, %s)' % (
+      print('%s %-33s (%2d commit%s, %s)' % (
             branch.name == project.CurrentBranch and '*' or ' ',
             branch.name,
             len(commits),
             len(commits) != 1 and 's' or ' ',
-            date)
+            date))
diff --git a/subcmds/rebase.py b/subcmds/rebase.py
index a8d58cdb..06cda22c 100644
--- a/subcmds/rebase.py
+++ b/subcmds/rebase.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+from __future__ import print_function
 import sys
 
 from command import Command
@@ -59,14 +60,16 @@ branch but need to incorporate new upstream changes "underneath" them.
     one_project = len(all_projects) == 1
 
     if opt.interactive and not one_project:
-      print >>sys.stderr, 'error: interactive rebase not supported with multiple projects'
+      print('error: interactive rebase not supported with multiple projects',
+            file=sys.stderr)
       return -1
 
     for project in all_projects:
       cb = project.CurrentBranch
       if not cb:
         if one_project:
-          print >>sys.stderr, "error: project %s has a detatched HEAD" % project.relpath
+          print("error: project %s has a detatched HEAD" % project.relpath,
+                file=sys.stderr)
           return -1
         # ignore branches with detatched HEADs
         continue
@@ -74,7 +77,8 @@ branch but need to incorporate new upstream changes "underneath" them.
       upbranch = project.GetBranch(cb)
       if not upbranch.LocalMerge:
         if one_project:
-          print >>sys.stderr, "error: project %s does not track any remote branches" % project.relpath
+          print("error: project %s does not track any remote branches"
+                % project.relpath, file=sys.stderr)
           return -1
         # ignore branches without remotes
         continue
@@ -101,8 +105,8 @@ branch but need to incorporate new upstream changes "underneath" them.
 
       args.append(upbranch.LocalMerge)
 
-      print >>sys.stderr, '# %s: rebasing %s -> %s' % \
-        (project.relpath, cb, upbranch.LocalMerge)
+      print('# %s: rebasing %s -> %s'
+            % (project.relpath, cb, upbranch.LocalMerge), file=sys.stderr)
 
       needs_stash = False
       if opt.auto_stash:
diff --git a/subcmds/selfupdate.py b/subcmds/selfupdate.py
index 46aa3a19..d12e08d0 100644
--- a/subcmds/selfupdate.py
+++ b/subcmds/selfupdate.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+from __future__ import print_function
 from optparse import SUPPRESS_HELP
 import sys
 
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ need to be performed by an end-user.
 
     else:
       if not rp.Sync_NetworkHalf():
-        print >>sys.stderr, "error: can't update repo"
+        print("error: can't update repo", file=sys.stderr)
         sys.exit(1)
 
       rp.bare_git.gc('--auto')
diff --git a/subcmds/stage.py b/subcmds/stage.py
index 1ff85880..ff15ee0c 100644
--- a/subcmds/stage.py
+++ b/subcmds/stage.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+from __future__ import print_function
 import sys
 
 from color import Coloring
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ The '%prog' command stages files to prepare the next commit.
   def _Interactive(self, opt, args):
     all_projects = filter(lambda x: x.IsDirty(), self.GetProjects(args))
     if not all_projects:
-      print >>sys.stderr,'no projects have uncommitted modifications'
+      print('no projects have uncommitted modifications', file=sys.stderr)
       return
 
     out = _ProjectList(self.manifest.manifestProject.config)
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ The '%prog' command stages files to prepare the next commit.
       if len(p) == 1:
         _AddI(p[0])
         continue
-    print 'Bye.'
+    print('Bye.')
 
 def _AddI(project):
   p = GitCommand(project, ['add', '--interactive'], bare=False)
diff --git a/subcmds/start.py b/subcmds/start.py
index be645314..2d723fc2 100644
--- a/subcmds/start.py
+++ b/subcmds/start.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+from __future__ import print_function
 import sys
 from command import Command
 from git_config import IsId
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ revision specified in the manifest.
 
     nb = args[0]
     if not git.check_ref_format('heads/%s' % nb):
-      print >>sys.stderr, "error: '%s' is not a valid name" % nb
+      print("error: '%s' is not a valid name" % nb, file=sys.stderr)
       sys.exit(1)
 
     err = []
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ revision specified in the manifest.
     if not opt.all:
       projects = args[1:]
       if len(projects) < 1:
-        print >>sys.stderr, "error: at least one project must be specified"
+        print("error: at least one project must be specified", file=sys.stderr)
         sys.exit(1)
 
     all_projects = self.GetProjects(projects)
@@ -67,7 +68,6 @@ revision specified in the manifest.
 
     if err:
       for p in err:
-        print >>sys.stderr,\
-          "error: %s/: cannot start %s" \
-          % (p.relpath, nb)
+        print("error: %s/: cannot start %s" % (p.relpath, nb),
+              file=sys.stderr)
       sys.exit(1)
diff --git a/subcmds/status.py b/subcmds/status.py
index 7611621e..40562274 100644
--- a/subcmds/status.py
+++ b/subcmds/status.py
@@ -129,4 +129,4 @@ the following meanings:
         output.dump(sys.stdout)
         output.close()
     if len(all_projects) == counter.next():
-      print 'nothing to commit (working directory clean)'
+      print('nothing to commit (working directory clean)')
diff --git a/subcmds/sync.py b/subcmds/sync.py
index d6389118..a64f2c45 100644
--- a/subcmds/sync.py
+++ b/subcmds/sync.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+from __future__ import print_function
 import netrc
 from optparse import SUPPRESS_HELP
 import os
@@ -234,9 +235,10 @@ later is required to fix a server side protocol bug.
           did_lock = True
 
           if not success:
-            print >>sys.stderr, 'error: Cannot fetch %s' % project.name
+            print('error: Cannot fetch %s' % project.name, file=sys.stderr)
             if opt.force_broken:
-              print >>sys.stderr, 'warn: --force-broken, continuing to sync'
+              print('warn: --force-broken, continuing to sync',
+                    file=sys.stderr)
             else:
               raise _FetchError()
 
@@ -265,9 +267,9 @@ later is required to fix a server side protocol bug.
             clone_bundle=not opt.no_clone_bundle):
           fetched.add(project.gitdir)
         else:
-          print >>sys.stderr, 'error: Cannot fetch %s' % project.name
+          print('error: Cannot fetch %s' % project.name, file=sys.stderr)
           if opt.force_broken:
-            print >>sys.stderr, 'warn: --force-broken, continuing to sync'
+            print('warn: --force-broken, continuing to sync', file=sys.stderr)
           else:
             sys.exit(1)
     else:
@@ -300,7 +302,7 @@ later is required to fix a server side protocol bug.
 
       # If we saw an error, exit with code 1 so that other scripts can check.
       if err_event.isSet():
-        print >>sys.stderr, '\nerror: Exited sync due to fetch errors'
+        print('\nerror: Exited sync due to fetch errors', file=sys.stderr)
         sys.exit(1)
 
     pm.end()
@@ -353,7 +355,7 @@ later is required to fix a server side protocol bug.
       t.join()
 
     if err_event.isSet():
-      print >>sys.stderr, '\nerror: Exited sync due to gc errors'
+      print('\nerror: Exited sync due to gc errors', file=sys.stderr)
       sys.exit(1)
 
   def UpdateProjectList(self):
@@ -390,12 +392,14 @@ later is required to fix a server side protocol bug.
                              groups = None)
 
               if project.IsDirty():
-                print >>sys.stderr, 'error: Cannot remove project "%s": \
-uncommitted changes are present' % project.relpath
-                print >>sys.stderr, '       commit changes, then run sync again'
+                print('error: Cannot remove project "%s": uncommitted changes'
+                      'are present' % project.relpath, file=sys.stderr)
+                print('       commit changes, then run sync again',
+                      file=sys.stderr)
                 return -1
               else:
-                print >>sys.stderr, 'Deleting obsolete path %s' % project.worktree
+                print('Deleting obsolete path %s' % project.worktree,
+                      file=sys.stderr)
                 shutil.rmtree(project.worktree)
                 # Try deleting parent subdirs if they are empty
                 project_dir = os.path.dirname(project.worktree)
@@ -423,24 +427,24 @@ uncommitted changes are present' % project.relpath
       self.jobs = min(self.jobs, (soft_limit - 5) / 3)
 
     if opt.network_only and opt.detach_head:
-      print >>sys.stderr, 'error: cannot combine -n and -d'
+      print('error: cannot combine -n and -d', file=sys.stderr)
       sys.exit(1)
     if opt.network_only and opt.local_only:
-      print >>sys.stderr, 'error: cannot combine -n and -l'
+      print('error: cannot combine -n and -l', file=sys.stderr)
       sys.exit(1)
     if opt.manifest_name and opt.smart_sync:
-      print >>sys.stderr, 'error: cannot combine -m and -s'
+      print('error: cannot combine -m and -s', file=sys.stderr)
       sys.exit(1)
     if opt.manifest_name and opt.smart_tag:
-      print >>sys.stderr, 'error: cannot combine -m and -t'
+      print('error: cannot combine -m and -t', file=sys.stderr)
       sys.exit(1)
     if opt.manifest_server_username or opt.manifest_server_password:
       if not (opt.smart_sync or opt.smart_tag):
-        print >>sys.stderr, 'error: -u and -p may only be combined with ' \
-                            '-s or -t'
+        print('error: -u and -p may only be combined with -s or -t',
+              file=sys.stderr)
         sys.exit(1)
       if None in [opt.manifest_server_username, opt.manifest_server_password]:
-        print >>sys.stderr, 'error: both -u and -p must be given'
+        print('error: both -u and -p must be given', file=sys.stderr)
         sys.exit(1)
 
     if opt.manifest_name:
@@ -448,8 +452,8 @@ uncommitted changes are present' % project.relpath
 
     if opt.smart_sync or opt.smart_tag:
       if not self.manifest.manifest_server:
-        print >>sys.stderr, \
-            'error: cannot smart sync: no manifest server defined in manifest'
+        print('error: cannot smart sync: no manifest server defined in'
+              'manifest', file=sys.stderr)
         sys.exit(1)
 
       manifest_server = self.manifest.manifest_server
@@ -464,7 +468,8 @@ uncommitted changes are present' % project.relpath
           try:
             info = netrc.netrc()
           except IOError:
-            print >>sys.stderr, '.netrc file does not exist or could not be opened'
+            print('.netrc file does not exist or could not be opened',
+                  file=sys.stderr)
           else:
             try:
               parse_result = urlparse.urlparse(manifest_server)
@@ -474,10 +479,10 @@ uncommitted changes are present' % project.relpath
             except TypeError:
               # TypeError is raised when the given hostname is not present
               # in the .netrc file.
-              print >>sys.stderr, 'No credentials found for %s in .netrc' % \
-                                  parse_result.hostname
+              print('No credentials found for %s in .netrc'
+                    % parse_result.hostname, file=sys.stderr)
             except netrc.NetrcParseError as e:
-              print >>sys.stderr, 'Error parsing .netrc file: %s' % e
+              print('Error parsing .netrc file: %s' % e, file=sys.stderr)
 
         if (username and password):
           manifest_server = manifest_server.replace('://', '://%s:%s@' %
@@ -516,20 +521,21 @@ uncommitted changes are present' % project.relpath
             finally:
               f.close()
           except IOError:
-            print >>sys.stderr, 'error: cannot write manifest to %s' % \
-                manifest_path
+            print('error: cannot write manifest to %s' % manifest_path,
+                  file=sys.stderr)
             sys.exit(1)
           self.manifest.Override(manifest_name)
         else:
-          print >>sys.stderr, 'error: %s' % manifest_str
+          print('error: %s' % manifest_str, file=sys.stderr)
           sys.exit(1)
       except (socket.error, IOError, xmlrpclib.Fault) as e:
-        print >>sys.stderr, 'error: cannot connect to manifest server %s:\n%s' % (
-            self.manifest.manifest_server, e)
+        print('error: cannot connect to manifest server %s:\n%s'
+              % (self.manifest.manifest_server, e), file=sys.stderr)
         sys.exit(1)
       except xmlrpclib.ProtocolError as e:
-        print >>sys.stderr, 'error: cannot connect to manifest server %s:\n%d %s' % (
-            self.manifest.manifest_server, e.errcode, e.errmsg)
+        print('error: cannot connect to manifest server %s:\n%d %s'
+              % (self.manifest.manifest_server, e.errcode, e.errmsg),
+              file=sys.stderr)
         sys.exit(1)
 
     rp = self.manifest.repoProject
@@ -585,14 +591,14 @@ uncommitted changes are present' % project.relpath
       if project.worktree:
         project.Sync_LocalHalf(syncbuf)
     pm.end()
-    print >>sys.stderr
+    print(file=sys.stderr)
     if not syncbuf.Finish():
       sys.exit(1)
 
     # If there's a notice that's supposed to print at the end of the sync, print
     # it now...
     if self.manifest.notice:
-      print self.manifest.notice
+      print(self.manifest.notice)
 
 def _PostRepoUpgrade(manifest, quiet=False):
   wrapper = WrapperModule()
@@ -604,27 +610,28 @@ def _PostRepoUpgrade(manifest, quiet=False):
 
 def _PostRepoFetch(rp, no_repo_verify=False, verbose=False):
   if rp.HasChanges:
-    print >>sys.stderr, 'info: A new version of repo is available'
-    print >>sys.stderr, ''
+    print('info: A new version of repo is available', file=sys.stderr)
+    print(file=sys.stderr)
     if no_repo_verify or _VerifyTag(rp):
       syncbuf = SyncBuffer(rp.config)
       rp.Sync_LocalHalf(syncbuf)
       if not syncbuf.Finish():
         sys.exit(1)
-      print >>sys.stderr, 'info: Restarting repo with latest version'
+      print('info: Restarting repo with latest version', file=sys.stderr)
       raise RepoChangedException(['--repo-upgraded'])
     else:
-      print >>sys.stderr, 'warning: Skipped upgrade to unverified version'
+      print('warning: Skipped upgrade to unverified version', file=sys.stderr)
   else:
     if verbose:
-      print >>sys.stderr, 'repo version %s is current' % rp.work_git.describe(HEAD)
+      print('repo version %s is current' % rp.work_git.describe(HEAD),
+            file=sys.stderr)
 
 def _VerifyTag(project):
   gpg_dir = os.path.expanduser('~/.repoconfig/gnupg')
   if not os.path.exists(gpg_dir):
-    print >>sys.stderr,\
-"""warning: GnuPG was not available during last "repo init"
-warning: Cannot automatically authenticate repo."""
+    print('warning: GnuPG was not available during last "repo init"\n'
+          'warning: Cannot automatically authenticate repo."""',
+          file=sys.stderr)
     return True
 
   try:
@@ -638,10 +645,9 @@ warning: Cannot automatically authenticate repo."""
     if rev.startswith(R_HEADS):
       rev = rev[len(R_HEADS):]
 
-    print >>sys.stderr
-    print >>sys.stderr,\
-      "warning: project '%s' branch '%s' is not signed" \
-      % (project.name, rev)
+    print(file=sys.stderr)
+    print("warning: project '%s' branch '%s' is not signed"
+          % (project.name, rev), file=sys.stderr)
     return False
 
   env = os.environ.copy()
@@ -660,10 +666,10 @@ warning: Cannot automatically authenticate repo."""
   proc.stderr.close()
 
   if proc.wait() != 0:
-    print >>sys.stderr
-    print >>sys.stderr, out
-    print >>sys.stderr, err
-    print >>sys.stderr
+    print(file=sys.stderr)
+    print(out, file=sys.stderr)
+    print(err, file=sys.stderr)
+    print(file=sys.stderr)
     return False
   return True
 
diff --git a/subcmds/upload.py b/subcmds/upload.py
index 925652c2..a6ada337 100644
--- a/subcmds/upload.py
+++ b/subcmds/upload.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+from __future__ import print_function
 import copy
 import re
 import sys
@@ -26,16 +27,18 @@ UNUSUAL_COMMIT_THRESHOLD = 5
 
 def _ConfirmManyUploads(multiple_branches=False):
   if multiple_branches:
-    print "ATTENTION: One or more branches has an unusually high number of commits."
+    print('ATTENTION: One or more branches has an unusually high number'
+          'of commits.')
   else:
-    print "ATTENTION: You are uploading an unusually high number of commits."
-  print "YOU PROBABLY DO NOT MEAN TO DO THIS. (Did you rebase across branches?)"
+    print('ATTENTION: You are uploading an unusually high number of commits.')
+  print('YOU PROBABLY DO NOT MEAN TO DO THIS. (Did you rebase across'
+        'branches?)')
   answer = raw_input("If you are sure you intend to do this, type 'yes': ").strip()
   return answer == "yes"
 
 def _die(fmt, *args):
   msg = fmt % args
-  print >>sys.stderr, 'error: %s' % msg
+  print('error: %s' % msg, file=sys.stderr)
   sys.exit(1)
 
 def _SplitEmails(values):
@@ -176,14 +179,14 @@ Gerrit Code Review:  http://code.google.com/p/gerrit/
       date = branch.date
       commit_list = branch.commits
 
-      print 'Upload project %s/ to remote branch %s:' % (project.relpath, project.revisionExpr)
-      print '  branch %s (%2d commit%s, %s):' % (
+      print('Upload project %s/ to remote branch %s:' % (project.relpath, project.revisionExpr))
+      print('  branch %s (%2d commit%s, %s):' % (
                     name,
                     len(commit_list),
                     len(commit_list) != 1 and 's' or '',
-                    date)
+                    date))
       for commit in commit_list:
-        print '         %s' % commit
+        print('         %s' % commit)
 
       sys.stdout.write('to %s (y/N)? ' % remote.review)
       answer = sys.stdin.readline().strip().lower()
@@ -317,7 +320,7 @@ Gerrit Code Review:  http://code.google.com/p/gerrit/
                 sys.stdout.write('Uncommitted changes in ' + branch.project.name + ' (did you forget to amend?). Continue uploading? (y/N) ')
                 a = sys.stdin.readline().strip().lower()
                 if a not in ('y', 'yes', 't', 'true', 'on'):
-                    print >>sys.stderr, "skipping upload"
+                    print("skipping upload", file=sys.stderr)
                     branch.uploaded = False
                     branch.error = 'User aborted'
                     continue
@@ -334,8 +337,8 @@ Gerrit Code Review:  http://code.google.com/p/gerrit/
         branch.uploaded = False
         have_errors = True
 
-    print >>sys.stderr, ''
-    print >>sys.stderr, '----------------------------------------------------------------------'
+    print(file=sys.stderr)
+    print('----------------------------------------------------------------------', file=sys.stderr)
 
     if have_errors:
       for branch in todo:
@@ -344,17 +347,19 @@ Gerrit Code Review:  http://code.google.com/p/gerrit/
             fmt = ' (%s)'
           else:
             fmt = '\n       (%s)'
-          print >>sys.stderr, ('[FAILED] %-15s %-15s' + fmt) % (
+          print(('[FAILED] %-15s %-15s' + fmt) % (
                  branch.project.relpath + '/', \
                  branch.name, \
-                 str(branch.error))
-      print >>sys.stderr, ''
+                 str(branch.error)),
+                 file=sys.stderr)
+      print()
 
     for branch in todo:
         if branch.uploaded:
-          print >>sys.stderr, '[OK    ] %-15s %s' % (
+          print('[OK    ] %-15s %s' % (
                  branch.project.relpath + '/',
-                 branch.name)
+                 branch.name),
+                 file=sys.stderr)
 
     if have_errors:
       sys.exit(1)
@@ -385,7 +390,7 @@ Gerrit Code Review:  http://code.google.com/p/gerrit/
       try:
         hook.Run(opt.allow_all_hooks, project_list=pending_proj_names)
       except HookError as e:
-        print >>sys.stderr, "ERROR: %s" % str(e)
+        print("ERROR: %s" % str(e), file=sys.stderr)
         return
 
     if opt.reviewers:
@@ -395,7 +400,7 @@ Gerrit Code Review:  http://code.google.com/p/gerrit/
     people = (reviewers,cc)
 
     if not pending:
-      print >>sys.stdout, "no branches ready for upload"
+      print("no branches ready for upload", file=sys.stderr)
     elif len(pending) == 1 and len(pending[0][1]) == 1:
       self._SingleBranch(opt, pending[0][1][0], people)
     else:
diff --git a/subcmds/version.py b/subcmds/version.py
index 243e3676..01b7fd8c 100644
--- a/subcmds/version.py
+++ b/subcmds/version.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+from __future__ import print_function
 import sys
 from command import Command, MirrorSafeCommand
 from git_command import git
@@ -32,12 +33,12 @@ class Version(Command, MirrorSafeCommand):
     rp = self.manifest.repoProject
     rem = rp.GetRemote(rp.remote.name)
 
-    print 'repo version %s' % rp.work_git.describe(HEAD)
-    print '       (from %s)' % rem.url
+    print('repo version %s' % rp.work_git.describe(HEAD))
+    print('       (from %s)' % rem.url)
 
     if Version.wrapper_path is not None:
-      print 'repo launcher version %s' % Version.wrapper_version
-      print '       (from %s)' % Version.wrapper_path
+      print('repo launcher version %s' % Version.wrapper_version)
+      print('       (from %s)' % Version.wrapper_path)
 
-    print git.version().strip()
-    print 'Python %s' % sys.version
+    print(git.version().strip())
+    print('Python %s' % sys.version)
diff --git a/trace.py b/trace.py
index 0376d2b4..db42a684 100644
--- a/trace.py
+++ b/trace.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+from __future__ import print_function
 import sys
 import os
 REPO_TRACE = 'REPO_TRACE'
@@ -31,4 +32,4 @@ def SetTrace():
 
 def Trace(fmt, *args):
   if IsTrace():
-    print >>sys.stderr, fmt % args
+    print(fmt % args, file=sys.stderr)