sync: Add scaffolding for interleaved sync

Prepare for an interleaved fetch and checkout mode for `repo sync`. The
goal of the new mode is to significantly speed up syncs by running fetch
and checkout operations in parallel for different projects, rather than
waiting for all fetches to complete before starting any checkouts.

Bug: 421935613
Change-Id: I8c66d1e790c7bba6280e409b95238c5e4e61a9c8
Reviewed-on: https://gerrit-review.googlesource.com/c/git-repo/+/482821
Reviewed-by: Scott Lee <ddoman@google.com>
Commit-Queue: Gavin Mak <gavinmak@google.com>
Tested-by: Gavin Mak <gavinmak@google.com>

subcmds/sync.py

@@ -423,6 +423,11 @@ later is required to fix a server side protocol bug.
             help="use the existing manifest checkout as-is. "
             "(do not update to the latest revision)",
         )
+        p.add_option(
+            "--interleaved",
+            action="store_true",
+            help="fetch and checkout projects in parallel (experimental)",
+        )
         p.add_option(
             "-n",
             "--network-only",
@@ -1772,8 +1777,6 @@ later is required to fix a server side protocol bug.
                         e,
                     )
 
-        err_event = multiprocessing.Event()
-
         rp = manifest.repoProject
         rp.PreSync()
         cb = rp.CurrentBranch
@@ -1825,6 +1828,64 @@ later is required to fix a server side protocol bug.
             all_manifests=not opt.this_manifest_only,
         )
 
+        if opt.interleaved:
+            sync_method = self._SyncInterleaved
+        else:
+            sync_method = self._SyncPhased
+
+        sync_method(
+            opt,
+            args,
+            errors,
+            manifest,
+            mp,
+            all_projects,
+            superproject_logging_data,
+        )
+
+        # Log the previous sync analysis state from the config.
+        self.git_event_log.LogDataConfigEvents(
+            mp.config.GetSyncAnalysisStateData(), "previous_sync_state"
+        )
+
+        # Update and log with the new sync analysis state.
+        mp.config.UpdateSyncAnalysisState(opt, superproject_logging_data)
+        self.git_event_log.LogDataConfigEvents(
+            mp.config.GetSyncAnalysisStateData(), "current_sync_state"
+        )
+
+        self._local_sync_state.PruneRemovedProjects()
+        if self._local_sync_state.IsPartiallySynced():
+            logger.warning(
+                "warning: Partial syncs are not supported. For the best "
+                "experience, sync the entire tree."
+            )
+
+        if not opt.quiet:
+            print("repo sync has finished successfully.")
+
+    def _SyncPhased(
+        self,
+        opt,
+        args,
+        errors,
+        manifest,
+        mp,
+        all_projects,
+        superproject_logging_data,
+    ):
+        """Sync projects by separating network and local operations.
+
+        This method performs sync in two distinct, sequential phases:
+        1.  Network Phase: Fetches updates for all projects from their remotes.
+        2.  Local Phase: Checks out the updated revisions into the local
+            worktrees for all projects.
+
+        This approach ensures that the local work-tree is not modified until
+        all network operations are complete, providing a transactional-like
+        safety net for the checkout state.
+        """
+        err_event = multiprocessing.Event()
         err_network_sync = False
         err_update_projects = False
         err_update_linkfiles = False
@@ -1942,26 +2003,30 @@ later is required to fix a server side protocol bug.
             )
             raise SyncError(aggregate_errors=errors)
 
-        # Log the previous sync analysis state from the config.
-        self.git_event_log.LogDataConfigEvents(
-            mp.config.GetSyncAnalysisStateData(), "previous_sync_state"
-        )
+    def _SyncInterleaved(
+        self,
+        opt,
+        args,
+        errors,
+        manifest,
+        mp,
+        all_projects,
+        superproject_logging_data,
+    ):
+        """Sync projects by performing network and local operations in parallel.
 
-        # Update and log with the new sync analysis state.
-        mp.config.UpdateSyncAnalysisState(opt, superproject_logging_data)
-        self.git_event_log.LogDataConfigEvents(
-            mp.config.GetSyncAnalysisStateData(), "current_sync_state"
-        )
+        This method processes each project (or groups of projects that share git
+        objects) independently. For each project, it performs the fetch and
+        checkout operations back-to-back. These independent tasks are run in
+        parallel.
 
-        self._local_sync_state.PruneRemovedProjects()
-        if self._local_sync_state.IsPartiallySynced():
-            logger.warning(
-                "warning: Partial syncs are not supported. For the best "
-                "experience, sync the entire tree."
-            )
-
-        if not opt.quiet:
-            print("repo sync has finished successfully.")
+        It respects two constraints for correctness:
+        1.  Projects in nested directories (e.g. 'foo' and 'foo/bar') are
+            processed in hierarchical order.
+        2.  Projects that share git objects are processed serially to prevent
+            race conditions.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError("Interleaved sync is not implemented yet.")
 
 
 def _PostRepoUpgrade(manifest, quiet=False):